Examining The Place Of The Russian Minority - 2280 Words

Examining the Place of the Russian Minority in Latvia: Aliens, non-citizens or stateless persons? Introduction The region of Latvia has a long history of occupation by foreign powers and so its ethnicity is quite varied. The Latvian Republic is one of the Baltic States located on the coast of the Baltic Sea. Along with its neighbours Lithuania and Estonia, Latvia gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. It is when Latvia gained its status as an independent state that the most crucial period for the Russian-speaking residents began, as at that time the country’s main issue was the status of its 1.1 million Russian-speaking residents. Under Latvia’s 2000 census (Heleniak, 2006), 30 per cent of the country’s 2.4 million population†¦show more content†¦The year independence was restored was defining for many thousands of Russians permanently living in Latvia. On 3rd March 1991 a nonbinding advisory referendum took place with the result that 73% of all Latvian residents supported the notion for independent Latvia (Troitsky, 2011). The Popular Front of Latvia , the national movement which was promoting the idea of segregation, advocated that all permanent residents will be entitled to and qualified for Latvian citizenship (Melvin, 1995, p. 34). â€Å"All those who want to be citizens of Latvia can be† (Lieven, 1997, p. 304) stated Anatolijs Gorbunovs, Chairman of the Latvian Supreme Council. However, the universal citizenship for all permanent residents was not adopted. Latvia restored the rights and status only for those persons who were identified as citizens under the 1919 Law together with their descendants (Aleinikoff Klusmeyer, 2001, p. 31). Thereby, for the majority of ethnic non-Latvians citizenship was not granted, even when the biggest portion of them were born in Latvia. This was seen as an attempt to suppress â€Å"national extinction† (Mole, 2012, p. 89-90) caused by, according to the radicals in Latvia, the Russian people. Those people became non-citizens not holding citizenship to any other country and witho ut the right to vote. In Latvia as well as in Estonia the Russian population is seen as â€Å"a reminder of their unhappy past† (Best, 2013, p. 34), thus the Russian people are not welcomed

The Portrayal of Socially Destructive and Over-Ambitious...

Richard, the main character of the Shakespeare’s play, Richard III is portrayed as socially destructive and politically over-ambitious. His destructive potential is depicted by the way he relates with the other protagonists in the play and also by what he confesses as his intentions. Richard’s political ambition is revealed through his strategic calculations based on the order of birth in his York family which puts him third away from the throne. Ahead of him is his elder brother, George Clarence, a barrier which will have to eradicate. His brother, King Edward, is another political barrier, by simply being alive, in power and equally by being the father of the two young princes . Richard’s creates a political mistrust between his two†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Whereas the senecan tyrant rages against virtue in the name of ambition, or lust, R.B.Pierce argues that Richard, ‘like the formal vice, Iniquity’ (III.i.82), thrives by an ironic detachment from all the standards of traditional morality including the claims of the family† (Robert.B.Pierce, 1971:90-91) Shakespeare in his play, Richard III, added a physical deformity to incite people to see his plays. A both deformed and mobile character was found to be a scary mon ster. To begin with, he invites the audience to his unhappy life despite the fact that the no one pays attention to him because others neither find him handsome nor sexually appealing. Richard is not eye-catching due to physical deformity which he vividly describes as the cause of his misfit, and therefore acquires himself the status of a victim. No one pays attention to him because others neither find him handsome nor sexually appealing. But he magnetizes the audience, makes them complicit of his own deeds and dares it to look away. However, as he unfolds his intentions, towards the end of the first soliloquy, the audience is awestruck at how many sordid deeds he is capable of. We are also rendered helpless for we cannot warn his potential victims of the danger which awaits them, but we are captives of Richard’s rhetorical language that generates a special

Marketing Policies to Market Wide †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Policies to Market Wide. Answer: Introduction Grevillea Ridge is one of the family run wineries in Victoria. This winery is run by two persons, Michelle and Marcus Albertino. They own a cellar door which used to be kept open by them throughout the week. After analysing the number of customers on every single day of a week, they decided to keep the cellar door open only on weekends since at the weekends number of customers are high. Therefore they decided to utilise rest of the days in the week in cultivation of grapes at the same time in focusing in marketing policies to increase the customer base. In order to enhance the market Management they have employed two persons. Both the owner of the cellar door has also adopted different marketing strategies to capture more market. In the present business report the sales report of the period ranging from January to march has been analysed to identify the effectiveness of the marketing strategy. Analysis of the Sales Report The owners of the cellar door have adopted two different strategies in order to improve the sales enhance the customer base. Sales report consists of sales data of three months, January, February March. The main objective of this business report is to identify the positive impact of different marketing strategies on the market expansion. In the month of January the Grevillea Ridge had not adopted any strategy to expand the market out of Victoria, but in the month of February March two different strategies had been adopted. In the month of February it was decided to provide 15% discount to retail customers in the month of March free delivery was ascertained to customers. It has been seen from the sales report that the sales have varied from one month to other significantly. In the sales report data has been provided regarding the number of cases of sales on each every day of month. It has been shown that in the month of January, no discount rate has been provided at the same time delivery charge was applicable on different states outside Victoria. Within Victoria there was no delivery charge in the month of January. In the month of February the scheme of providing discount of 15% to all retailers has been initiated. In the next month, i.e. on March the scheme of free delivery charge has been introduced in the marketing policy. The data also reveals that the delivery charge was free within Victoria, but outside Victoria the delivery charge was applicable. Hence, to increase the number of customers, delivery charge was made free. It is also to be noted that the discount was only applicable to wine retailers Management. On the basis of the data provided the graph has been drawn to identify the impact of the marketing strategies. The main objective is to f ind out whether after providing discount or making the delivery charge free, the sales has increased or not at the same time to identify if the market has been expanded outside the Victoria. Result of the Data Analysis Form the above data analysis sales data of three months have been calculated presented in the graphical form. At first, it has to be identified that whether the sales has increased or not then the success of the company in expanding the market. It is clear that out of these three months taken into consideration for the research the sales value is lowest in January the highest number of sales has been met in the month of March. In the month of January no marketing strategy had been adopted, but in the other two months two different strategies have been adopted by the firm. Analysing these data it is possible to say that the strategy of free delivery charge was more successful in comparison to the discount rate. But one thing can be easily mentioned that both these strategies have been successful in achieving the objective of increasing the sales. Similarly, it is also very clear that after the introduction of these marketing policies the market has been expanded outside the market of Victoria. Number of customers outside the Victoria has increased significantly. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that the marketing policies are very effective in order to expand the market at the same time in increasing the customer base. Form the point of view of the Grevillea Ridge firm it was necessary to provide importance on the marketing policies to make the market wide the same time to increase sales. Out of the two marketing strategies adopted by the firm the free delivery charge has been able to expand the market. Hence, it can be concluded that the mixing of two different strategies can make the business Management more profitable. The discount rate strategy has been able to increase the sales by only 53 cases. On the other hand the free delivery charge has increased the sales by 295 cases. Recommendation Since the free delivery charge strategy is more successful in comparison to the discount rate strategy. Hence, the mix strategy may be suitable for the firm To promote any newly launched wine product, the firm can provide the sample free of cost with the highly demandable wine products.

On Dumpster Diving by Las Eighner Essay Example For Students

On Dumpster Diving by Las Eighner Essay Homelessness is increasing every year and effecting Americans of different age, ethnicity and religion. In Lars Eighner â€Å"On Dumpster Diving† he explains what he went through while being homeless. He describes how and what foods someone should be looking for and to always be conscious of what one is eating because there is always a reason why something has been thrown out. He continues to go into detail about other items that can be found in the dumpster like sheets to sleep on and pieces of paper to write on. Things that can keep him busy through the day. Eighner carefully explains to his readers how being a dumpster diver has become a life style for the homeless and this is how they survive. It’s a way of living and they are comfortable doing it. â€Å"I began dumpster diving about a year before I became homeless† (Eighner 713). He tries to bring us into the world of being homeless. It is hard to imagine what it would be like in that situation, and how could surviving as a dumpster diver be a way of survival? As a dumpster diver, Eighner is able to tell us what is ok to eat and have and what is not ok for your health. His essay starts by uttering some guidelines of what is and is not safe to eat. â€Å"Eating safely from the dumpsters involves three principles: using common sense for evaluating the food, knowing the dumpsters of the given areas and always ask, â€Å"Why was this discarded?† (Eighner 714). Eighner was born Laurence Vail Eighner in Corpus Christi, Texas, on November 25, 1948. When Eighner became homeless in 1988 after leaving a job he had been with for ten years as an attendant at a state hospital in Austin, Texas. â€Å"For three years he traveled back and forth between Austin and Los Angeles with his dog Lizbeth, earning what mo. .This is a very powerful article taking his readers into the world of being poor and homeless, and what people experience every day that could never be imagined. Eighner says in one of his last paragraphs that, â€Å"many times in our travels I have lost everything but the clothes I was wearing and Lizbeth† (Eighner 724). He also states that he and the wealthy have the same attitudes about knowing there is more where what they came from. Eighner is so powerful and doesn’t care what others think of him. He is just trying to survive like everyone else. To have such a carefree attitude is very moving. Works CitedTravels with Lizbeth: Three Years on the Road and On the Streets. Publishers Weekly 260.34 (2013): 57. Academic Search Complete. Web. 30 Jan. 2014. Eighner, Lars (1992) On Dumpster Diving, New England Journal of Public Policy: Vol. 8: Iss. 1, Article 7.

Review of Research Studies on Cultural Bias in Psychology

The population of minority cultural and ethnic groups in United States has increasing in the last few decades. It is therefore common for a psychological therapist to encounter a client from a different cultural and ethnic background. In such encounters, there is possibility for cultural bias that can affect effectiveness of the psychological intervention.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Research Studies on Cultural Bias in Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many researchers in the recent past have been concerned about cultural bias in the field of psychology and psychological therapies. The paper reviews a few of research studies on cultural bias in psychology, counseling, and marriage and family therapy. Counseling is considered the best intervention to psychological and emotional problems. However, considering cultural and ethnic diversity, counseling may not be effective if a counselor exhi bits cultural bias. In the article, â€Å"Cultural Biased Assumptions in Counseling Psychology† (Pedersen, 2003), Pedersen addresses cultural biases assumptions that may affect the effectiveness of counseling interventions. Pedersen identifies and discusses culturally biases assumptions from an earlier article by Ponterotto and Leong (2003). The author argues that cultural bias has impact on the work of counseling psychologists. Pedersen warns that cultural bias should not be underestimated given that it can have great effect on counseling psychology. To â€Å"internationalize counseling psychological† (Pedersen, 2003), Pedersen proposes that counseling psychologists adopt scientist-practitioner model. In harmony with Pedersen, Snowden (2003) found cultural bias as a major factor contributing to disparity in mental health care provision. Snowden concludes that although other factors such as economical factors led to a gap in mental health care, cultural bias was the ma jor barrier. He advocates for more research on particular forms of bias that could contribute to the disparities. Cultural bias is a major barrier to effective psychological therapy. In family therapy, cultural bias can make it impossible for a family therapist to fully understand her clients’ problems and provide an effective therapy. In the article titled â€Å"Experiential Tasks and Therapist Bias Awareness†, Bermudez (1997) notes that therapeutic process can be affected considerably by cultural bias against minority cultural and ethnic groups.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Bermudez, all psychological therapists have assumptions about minority cultural groups. Some of the assumptions and beliefs could be biased and therefore affect effectiveness of a therapy. Bermudez suggests that cultural bias awareness of a therapist can help her to overcome t he bias and be effective across cultures. Bermudez proposes experiential tasks to overcome cultural bias, including role playing, visualization, written assignment, family sculpturing and role reversal. Effectiveness of a psychological therapist in multicultural and multiethnic settings is depended on her cultural competence. In an article titled â€Å"Cultural Competency: From philosophy to research and practice†, Sue (2006) explores the meaning and value of cultural competency in psychological therapies. Sue argues that cultural competency is trainable and proposes that therapist adopt cultural competency strategies in order to improve outcome. Addressing cultural competency in family therapy, Hardy and Laszloffy (2003) found cultural awareness and sensitivity to be important for cultural competency. Hardy and Laszloffy argue that ability of therapist to explore her personal cultural issues puts her in a better position to understand other cultures. In addition, the authors summarize how cultural genogram can be a successful training tool for cultural competence (Hardy Laszloffy, 2003). Cultural bias is a major barrier to counseling minority cultural and ethnic groups. Considering the multicultural nature of the society today, a therapist has to be culturally competent to be effective. Cultural competency skills can help counselors to avoid cultural bias and give better services to their diverse clients. References Bermudez, M (1997). Experiential Tasks and Therapist Bias Awareness. Contemporary Family Therapy 19 (2), 253-267Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Research Studies on Cultural Bias in Psychology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hardy, K. Laszloffy, T. (1995). The Cultural Genogram: Key to Training Culturally Competent Family Therapists. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 21(3), 227-237 Pedersen, P. (2003). Culturally Biased Assumption in Counseling Psycholo gy. Counseling Psychologist 31(4), 396-403 Ponterotto, J. Leong, F. (2003). A Proposal for Internationalizing Counseling Psychology in the United States: Rationale, Recommendations, and challenges. Counseling Psychologist 31(4), 381-395 Snowden, L. (2003). Bias in Mental Health Assessment and Intervention: Theory and Evidence. American Journal of Public Health 93(2), 239-243 Sue, S. (2006). Cultural Competency: From philosophy to research and practice. Journal of Community Psychology 34 (2), 237-245. This essay on Review of Research Studies on Cultural Bias in Psychology was written and submitted by user Vivienne Hull to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

IMC

IMC Discuss the concept of Integrated Marketing Communications.Why is it so important to marketers? Where has Integrated Marketing Communications come from? The fact that Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) does take place is unquestionable but the degree of integration is often questionable (Hartley and Pickerton 1999) In today's world, mass marketing is giving way to micro marketing, the one-product fits all concepts now fits fewer and fewer. Even niche marketing is giving way to one-to-one marketing, tailoring a product or service to the needs of a single customer (Skolnik, 2001). This movement away from traditional promotional format has led to organisations marketing on several fronts. In their efforts to communicate with more fragmented and diverse target segments, marketers are employing a richer variety of more focused promotional tools (Kotler and Armstrong, 1997). As organisations speak to consumers with an increasing number of voices, the message or messages being commun icated becomes harder to understand and recall.Marketing communications planning frameworkKotler et al (1996) suggest that communication goes beyond specific promotion tools, the products design, its price, the shape and colour of its package and the stores that sell it - all communicate something to buyers. It has therefore become increasingly necessary for organisations to communicate with the consumer in, as Beard (1997) puts it, 'one-voice'. Strategic synergy between mass advertising, sales promotion, public relations, internet, relationship marketing, sponsorship and the other marketing communication tools can break through the clutter with more impact, and also your customer's expectations will be consistently met in a more cost effective manner (Skolnik 2001). This deliberate synergy of communication has increasingly become known as Integrated Marketing Communications.Why it has become so important to marketers Cornelissen (2001) argues that 'IMC is the rational evolution fro m mass-marketing media advertising towards target marketing'. In his view 'IMC is seen as...

Human Resource Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource Development - Essay Example As a HR Manager, our company CEO has expressed a similar viewpoint, contending that HRD is unnecessary during the financial crisis and that the HRD budget should be the first to go in case of cost reduction. This is informed by previous actions taken after financial crises, during which this strategy worked. However, the present crisis is starkly different from the earlier ones as it has spread very fast globally and brought world economies close to collapse. This course of action, therefore, may not be as effective as it was earlier. Markets have been steadily decreasing with sales also shrinking; therefore, different solutions are required at company, national, and international level (Caprio, 2012: p54). The current crisis has been compared to the Great Depression, with the remedies used then being implemented by various companies to date (Jungmann et al, 2011: p33). However, serious and vital changes have happened since then. The most important difference is the change in the nat ional economy structures. Compared to the Great Depression era, the service sector has grown in significance with the industrial and agricultural sectors decreasing. This has meant that there has been an extensive strengthening in an area where connection to the material processes has been secondary, even as employment factors have remained significant (Fuchita et al, 2010: p65). Productive capital is to be found embedded into the employee’s and their work. This paper will seek to show that corporate methodology for dealing with the current crisis cannot follow earlier patterns by cutting funding to Human Resource Development L&D. This is informed partly by the character of the present crisis. This is especially factual for a company where intangible assets, have a vital role to play and where production is linked to knowledge instead of tangible assets. The Role of Learning and Development in Times of crisis The management of crisis and their solutions appears time to time i n the media. This usually involves reduction of working time for employees, lay-offs or cuts to Human Resource Development. In most cases, the organizations have no choice with regards to avoiding insolvency or bankruptcy. Cutting funding to Human Resource Development, however, offers short-term solutions while leading to long-term problems (Lazear & Michael, 2009: p44). One assumption made regarding knowledge management is that human capital and information play a more significant role in the input process. A significant part of the organization’s value lies with human capital, i.e. the knowledge in its employees possession, which is a crucial factors as far as improved corporate performance and competitiveness are concerned (Lazear, 1998: p10). Faced by a crisis, however, an organization may begin paying inadequate attention to the retention of knowledge that is lay-offs as well as the improvement of knowledge for its employees. Most companies will utilize a â€Å"lawnmowe r principle† with an aim to reduce costs by trying to economize on their highest components of cost; wages and Human Resource Development (Buckley & Jim, 2009: p22). This strategy, however, is limited in its effectiveness. Cutting costs involves the sacrifice of resources in order to increase profit, with whoever is tasked to examine resource utilization attempting to cut costs by all means possible. Costs, however, occur during operation and not at the investment point. Assets improve profits and costs need

Food and Celebrations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Food and Celebrations - Essay Example The festivals and food of China displays the large variety of ethnic groups which reside in the country (Chinese Festival Food Recipes for New Year, 2013). The likings and menu of the people of North China will be different from those living in South China. However, the New Year is a special event on which all the family gets together to celebrate the event and to bring good luck. Chinese New Year is an important event in the Chinese history. Chinese people believe that the old year takes with it all the dark things and the New Year brings all the good. Therefore every hour of the New Year is important. People do not sleep over the New Year’s Eve. They try to decorate their houses, make their own personal preparations and prepare special meals. Even the last few years of the old year are given utmost importance. According to Robinson (2012, pp. 23) Chinese people do not work on the New Year’s day as it will bring them hard luck and will make them work throughout the year. Food preparations are given utmost importance on New Year. The ingredients of the food should be fresh and in abundance. Some dishes have to be prepared in the last hours of the old year. The Nian Goa cake prepared on the Chinese New Year should be higher as its height is associated with the amount of benefits of the coming year (Robinson, 2012, pp. 23). Artistic expression is clearly seen in the Chinese dishes. They do not pay attention to the taste alone but also to the cutlery used for dishing out. A lot of variety can be found in Chinese cuisine. They have the ability to cook anything to the best of flavours. Symbolism in Chinese cuisine is an important factor as is symbolism in other parts of life of the Chinese people. each month of the Chinese New Year is named after animals. It characterizes the personality of the people born in those months. Robinson (2012, pp. 25) states that the kitchen god is said to be

Collapse of the Soviet Union Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Collapse of the Soviet Union - Term Paper Example he US of masterminding the fall of this great republic as it was only the fall of the Soviet Union that would have made the US the sole superpower in the world. The Soviet Union utterly rejected the cultures and values of the west as they were in full control of their lives and it was not until the collapse of the republic that the individual countries that constituted the old republic begin to accept some norms and values of the west. The Soviet Union also were also advanced in the art of warfare and they were technologically advanced during that period and it was only very few countries that could match up with its strength. The collapse of the Soviet was unarguably one of the most controversial events of the twentieth century and the collapse of the Soviet bloc still has far-reaching consequences in the world today and the impacts would continue to be felt in the years that follow. Countries of the former Soviet Union have been really affected by the collapse of the bloc, while some countries like Russia and Estonia have come out of the Soviet Union strong, some like Armenia and Azerbaijan have grown weaker. The effect of the collapse on the countries of the Soviet Union shall be highlighted in this paper and it would help us to know the countries that were greatly affected by the collapse and the ones that the collapse had little or no effect on. Though, the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, there had been cracks in the walls that held the republic together (Remnick 19). The collapse of the Soviet Union with its fortified walls shows that there is no great country, civilization or republic that cannot crumble and its fall is a lesson to other powers of the world, especially the superpower US. The Soviet Union looked so strong after the Second World War to the ninth decade of that century. The strength of the Soviet Union was made possible by the strong communist and totalitarian regime in the region at that time. The collapse of the Soviet Union happened

Trends and Concepts of Startups

Trends and Concepts of Startups Definition of startup Similar to SMEs, there are quite a lot of definitions on startup. According to Eric Ries, the creator of Lean Startup Methodology, as well as the author of the popular entrepreneurship blog – Startup Lesson Learned, startup – in its essential nature, is a human institution designed to deliver a new product or service under conditions of extreme uncertainties. The first thing to emphasize in this definition is that startup is a â€Å"human institution†, which means process, authority, or sometimes even idleness. They do not seem to be a part of startup. However, all sorts of stories about successful startups all over the world have institution lie somewhere in them, such as recruiting staff, coordinating their work, and creating the enterprise’s culture. Although some startups may conduct these activities radically, they are still the essential components for a successful startup. For the â€Å"human† part, we often neglect that the value of startup is not the product, technology, or the company’s confidential data. Even when the company only possesses one product, the value still lies in all the people and the organization that creates it. To be more specific, we can take a look at the major acquisitions of startups. In most cases, the important aspects of the original startup disappear, including brand, products or documents. The only thing that lasts is the â€Å"human† part. The novelty of the products or services delivered by the company is such an important yet complicated factor of the concept. Product, in its broadest meaning, encompasses any value for a set of people who voluntarily choose to be the customers. This stays true to any kind of startup, from packed products in a grocery store, an e-commerce website, a non-profit service or programs organized by the government. In all cases, the organization is establish to identify and deliver new value for the customers, as well as take care of the impact it brings to customers. The last important component of this definition is the background of innovation. Startups are made up to confront extreme uncertainties. To open a new business that is the exact clone of the original ones, focusing on the business model, targeted customers, pricing and products in most cases is a fascinating kind of investment. However, it is not a startup because its success depends loads on only good execution. That is why a small enterprise may get loan for capital from the bank with uncertainties and risks for the loan owner to assess its potential. In another research on startup and other relevant concepts, startup is a temporarily designed organization to search for a business model that is repeatable and scalable. Therefore, the supreme objective of a startup is not profit-making, customers-attracting or brand-developing. It is not that these factors are not important and should not be built in this stage, it is just that they are not as important. The objective of this stage is to experience and incessively alter the business model to develop one strong, practical and standardized model for growth and stability later. That is why MBA learners, CEOs or Directors from big corporations still may fail when facing a startup. Another relevant concept to startup is the advantages of it. Some people may think that obvious advantage is to have an extraordinary founder that has extremely creative ideas and technology no one else can copy from. Though having such founder is definitely a privilege for any startup, it is still not the core element. The core element here should be the startup culture. It is the culture that creates passion, elevates innovation potential, work efficiency and help founders stay true to their original targets. One clear example for this is the way Larry Page brings Google a distinctive kind of culture since the very beginning of the brand. The next relevant concept to startup is startup culture, as mentioned above. It is so hard defining exactly what startup culture is, but there are some features deciding the startup culture. That is the passion and determination to create a useful type of product for the society. According to Paul Graham, a well-known essayist, programmer, language designer and the co-founder of Viaweb, a â€Å"useful product† is the one that can make wealth for the creator of it. While to Guy Kawasaki, the chief evangelist of Apple and advisor to the Motorola business unit of Google, it is the product that can change the world. This helps the founders constantly make innovation, develop the products , but it carries a deeper meaning lying within, which is â€Å"helping the founders to keep an eye for technology, keeping technology and creativity above profit-making and creating wealth for themselves†. To choose the most important thing that makes startup culture, it would be the passio n to create truly valuable products. If the founders can spread this spirit to their co-workers, the startup will surely be successful. Innovation is the best field for anyone who wants to start their own business. The innovation market, compared to other markets, is the least unfairly competitive market. To conclude, almost everyone in this world has that startup dream, but no everyone is daring enough to create opportunities and determination for themselves to make that dream come true. Measures for startups Researchers on economics have long been established different indexes and criteria to measure the success of an enterprise. Some are used more frequent than others. In the scope of this thesis, some popular indexes used for assessing the success of a startup. Internal/Economic Rate of Return The internal rate of return (IRR) is the rate of return used in capital budgeting to measure and compare the profitability of an investment. IRR is often used to calculate the potential of a project or investment. The higher the IRR, the more desirability it is. In theory, a firm should undertake all investments that have IRR rate higher than the cost of capital. In a case that the investment is considered by an enterprise that has shareholders, the minimum rate is the cost of capital. This ensures the project to be supported by the equity holders since such project would add more value to the company. Another use of IRR is to compare capital projects. For instance, a startup firm may consider between launching a new type of product or expanding the market of the existing product. They can use IRR to compare the feasibility of these two projects. The one that has IRR higher than the cost of capital proves itself to be effective. However, the company should invest in the project with higher IRR as it appears to add more value to the company than the other. Thirdly, IRR is also useful in evaluating stock buyback programs. Apparently, if a company joins in a stock buyback program, it must proves that its stocks is a better investment than others’, Therefore, they often use IRR as a trustworthy index for this matter. In terms of calculation, IRR is the â€Å"annualized effective compound rate† that makes the net present value of all cash flows in that particular investment equal to zero. This calculation is simple and easy to conduct, so it is widely used by investors and firm runners in the world Despite its strengths, IRR still has drawbacks. The biggest drawback of this index is that it only measures the effectiveness of one single project at a time, but not used to rate mutually exclusive projects. For example, if a project has lower IRR than another, but has higher NPV, it should thus be accepted over the second project, assuming that there is no capital constraint. Also, IRR should not be used to compare projects with different duration. For example, the project with higher NPV but lower IRR could be greater than that of the project with similar size, in terms of net cash flow. Return on equity Return on equity (ROE) is the amount of net income returned as the percentage of shareholders’ equity. ROE reflects the effectiveness on operation of a company by calculating how much money returned by 1 unit of money that the shareholders have invested. The equation for ROE is as below: ROE = net income/shareholders’ equity High ROE yields do not guarantee immediate profits. Since stock price is mostly influenced by earning per share, a company with 20% ROE costs twice as much as the one with 10% per share (in book value) However, the ROE model can contain some underlying problems. If the investors are not cautious enough, it can distort the basic principles of economics and lead to terrible consequences. The company may have to resort to the financial strategy to maintain artificially a good ROE ratio and hide decreasing business performance. Rising investment levels and the acquisition of shares by support from hoarding cash resources can help maintain the companys ROE ratio even when the operating profit is reduced. Competitive pressure is increasing plus artificially low interest rates, as characterized in the recent several decades, has created motivation to mount these strategies and stabilize the psychology of investors. Overload debt investment becomes a burden for the company as the market demand for the companys product categories tend to change, as many companies discovered during the current economic downturn. It actually creates risk to a company in difficult times. Return on Assets Return on Assets (ROA) is an often overlooked but indeed one of the most effective indexes in measuring the success of an investment. It can avoid the distortion created by business strategies. ROA is an indicator of how profitable a company is in relation to its asset. To be more specific, it measures the total profit a company can make when it has one unit of asset. ROA gives an idea of how effective the management is with its assets. The calculation is fairly simple, which is illustrated as below: ROA = net income/total asset Obviously, ROA has calculated the amount of property to be used to support the business activities. This index determines whether the company can generate large enough a rate of return on net assets than simply show that the rate of profit on sales. Those companies that own a large amount of properties need a higher level of net income to support operations than those that own less property. Many companies use external resources for production and logistics operation from many specialized providers in an attempt to depend less on assets. These assets do not disappear they simply shift from a company to the next. However, in nature, even the business type that depends less on assets has limited number of liquid assets and needed fixed assets to continue with business operation. Using ROA as a primary measure of effectiveness has quickly attracted the attention of the managers on the necessary assets to maintain business operations. The senior managers today have more freedom to manage external resources of the assets and business activities related to the more specialized companies. Trends of startups nowadays According to investors, economists and business associates around the world, the startup trend is something that continuously changing and evolving, which leads to the fact that it is almost impossible to predict the trend in the next upcoming years. However, in recent years, people have noticed a clear pattern of startup, which is to shift from â€Å"wall and brick†, also known as physical business to technology – related startups. Some startup giants like Google, HP, Facebook†¦ are all technology – related. This is quite understandable since innovation and technology is something that is original and hard to copy from. Also, in a world that people are already filled in with their basic needs, they need something to elevate the quality of life, something that satisfies the higher level of needs. Below are some examples of increasing startup trends nowadays Virtual reality: This is the dream of all technology and science fiction addict. This innovation almost seems unreal. However, with the help of Moore’s Law and the rapid improvement of processors and accelerometers, it will come true in the near future. Software for enterprises: Scott Weiss – partner of Andreessen Horowitz – a famous venture capital firm – one said: â€Å"2015 is the year that firms need to thrive a lot to fit in the â€Å"hide and seek† game, which means they must be fully aware that the demand for customers to communicate with the enterprises via software or applications is increasing. Therefore, apart from the hardware, the companies now need software with user-friendly design, layout and usage, especially on the mobile version. Machine learning and big data: In recent years, machine learning and big data have become common terms in the technology industry. Differ from the past, when questions like â€Å"How many red shoes have been sold in Kentucky?† were asked and analyzed, nowadays, we need to answer questions like â€Å"How many red shoes will be sold in Kentucky?†. And these questions will be responded with the help of these technology. The machine learning will not work separately, but they have connection via applications. There will be no functions standing alone, and ultimately, we can use it as prediction device. Full-stack startup: Full-stack is a relatively new term to the market. It is how the company knows and implements the whole process. Apple makes a perfect example of this as it makes its own chips, apps and retail stores. For startups, Uber is considered full-stack. Instead of selling software as an add-on, they build the whole service using the modern software. Containers: Containers is not any new, they have been around for ages, but their popularity rises for a few reasons. Since Windows is no longer the data center, containers can run on other data system. Another reason is the â€Å"microservices† app is rising, and these apps are especially suitable for containers because they are discrete pieces that can scale independently. Digital health: Some kinds of medicine as well as health equipment are now manufactured by people with no medical license. The mobile medical data system is like a container for all diagnoses and test results of the patients, just like Apple’s Healthkit. All these histories are not necessarily â€Å"big data†, it can never be tracked or cross-correlated before. When technology like Healthkit receive support, millions of software technicians can build top applications based on data but not affect the privacy of the device’s owners. Online market: The online markets like eBay or Craigslist have achieved great success, However, the trend of related startup would likely be businesses that provides niche services that can be found on Craigslist, like cab sharing or sublets. This is the marketplaces where customers can find more customized services, like Instacart or Glamsquad. Security: In 2014, there are numerous recorded security faults, such as: information leakage of Sony, security breach in Target, hacked personal photo on iCloud that leads to reveal nude photos of many celebrities†¦ That makes people suffer from privacy issue. Therefore, it is no surprise that security and privacy are trends for startups in 2015. If the companies can provide services which identify how and when personal information is breached and lock all â€Å"data† to prevent severe damages, it would be amazing. Bitcoin: Bitcoin – invented by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008, is an online payment system. The system works based on a peer-to-peer basis, which means that users can transact directly without using an intermediary. Bitcoin works differently from other typical monetary units. There is no central bank that manages and it only depends on other Internet websites. Balaji Srinivasan – a Stanford academic and co-founder of a genetic-testing company called Counsyl, said that bitcoin is relatively new, so it is likely to be adopted and increased significantly in 2015. Also, he pointed out that we could expect new payment apps to develop for bitcoin, and we should consider them infrastructure. Crowdfunding: Crowdfunding is a popular term nowadays, even in Vietnam. It is basically a business investment or model that receives funds from the general public. With smartphones as platform, we can not only access to crowdfunding platforms wherever we want, whenever we want but also access to the crowd itself to get the funds. To sum up, there are myriad of trends involving startups nowadays. Above are only ten typical trends, which means there are many more to count. People will no longer struggle to find out a way to start their own business. For the government, if they can predict trends in the upcoming years, it is likely for them to come up with a suitable set of policies to support startups.

Hamlet: Tragedy of Failure :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Hamlet: Tragedy of Failure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare's, Hamlet is a tragedy of failure, the failure of a man placed in circumstances and faced to deal with them successfully. Shakespeare uses different techniques to develop the characters in Hamlet. Throughout the play dramatic irony is used by allowing the audience to view the true actions of the characters before the characters disclose them. Shakespeare toys with the idea of appearances versus reality in the play, among these are Claudius, the play within the play, and Rosencrantz and Guildernstern.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet's father, the king of Denmark, has suddenly died. Claudius, Hamlet's uncle, hastily marries Gertrude, Hamlet's mother, and more importantly they become the new king and queen. King Claudius is viewed as legitimately gaining control of the throne by everyone except Hamlet. Hamlet knows that there is "something rotten in the state of Denmark." His belief is verified when the guards inform him of a ghostly figure with close resemblance to the late king. The ghost reveals to Hamlet that while in the garden, Claudius poured poison in his ear. Claudius prays to be forgiven but his prayers are not sincere. Claudius, overcome with guilt, would prefer to keep his status then reveal what he did to King Hamlet.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The play within the play is useful because it allows Hamlet to verify the validity of the ghost. Usually plays are intended for entertainment purposes. The play is not real and the actors are playing a role.   In reality Hamlet makes it so that it is similar to what really happened to his father. Hamlet even goes as far as to instruct the actors appropriately.   He will prove that the ghost is truthful by the reaction on Claudius' face. The play appears to be harmless but it has a close parallel to what really happened to the late King Hamlet.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rosencrantz and Guildernstern, who are the king's spies, pretend to be friends to Hamlet. The king has sent for them to investigate Hamlet's madness and what he suspects about his father's death. This is a contradiction because later Claudius says that Hamlet's troubles are unknown. Hamlet not being the fool also pretends to be friends to Rosencrantz and Guildernstern. He reveals to them that he is aware of their intentions when he says "were you not sent for." Claudius, fearing Hamlet knows too much sends him with Rosencrantz and Guildernstern to England to Hamlet: Tragedy of Failure :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays Hamlet: Tragedy of Failure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare's, Hamlet is a tragedy of failure, the failure of a man placed in circumstances and faced to deal with them successfully. Shakespeare uses different techniques to develop the characters in Hamlet. Throughout the play dramatic irony is used by allowing the audience to view the true actions of the characters before the characters disclose them. Shakespeare toys with the idea of appearances versus reality in the play, among these are Claudius, the play within the play, and Rosencrantz and Guildernstern.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet's father, the king of Denmark, has suddenly died. Claudius, Hamlet's uncle, hastily marries Gertrude, Hamlet's mother, and more importantly they become the new king and queen. King Claudius is viewed as legitimately gaining control of the throne by everyone except Hamlet. Hamlet knows that there is "something rotten in the state of Denmark." His belief is verified when the guards inform him of a ghostly figure with close resemblance to the late king. The ghost reveals to Hamlet that while in the garden, Claudius poured poison in his ear. Claudius prays to be forgiven but his prayers are not sincere. Claudius, overcome with guilt, would prefer to keep his status then reveal what he did to King Hamlet.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The play within the play is useful because it allows Hamlet to verify the validity of the ghost. Usually plays are intended for entertainment purposes. The play is not real and the actors are playing a role.   In reality Hamlet makes it so that it is similar to what really happened to his father. Hamlet even goes as far as to instruct the actors appropriately.   He will prove that the ghost is truthful by the reaction on Claudius' face. The play appears to be harmless but it has a close parallel to what really happened to the late King Hamlet.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rosencrantz and Guildernstern, who are the king's spies, pretend to be friends to Hamlet. The king has sent for them to investigate Hamlet's madness and what he suspects about his father's death. This is a contradiction because later Claudius says that Hamlet's troubles are unknown. Hamlet not being the fool also pretends to be friends to Rosencrantz and Guildernstern. He reveals to them that he is aware of their intentions when he says "were you not sent for." Claudius, fearing Hamlet knows too much sends him with Rosencrantz and Guildernstern to England to

Declaration of Independence and the Constitution Essay

Declaration of Independence and the Constitution Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution are two major documents that changed the history of the United States of America, from that of a colonized nation to that of an impendent nation that would have its government. The Declaration of Independence was a document that was written specifically to the government of Great Britainin 1176, July 4th as a notification to the monarchy that America was a free state and no longer a colony of the British. The United States became a country on its own and had its government. The Declaration of Independence provided several reasons that had made the USA to reach a decision of not having a relationship with Britain and its rule. On the other hand, the constitution which was signed in the year 1878 provided an outline the laws, the rights as well as creation of a government that was centralized in the United States. The approval of the constitution by the states led to the formation of feder al governments, which provided the right for each state to practice its own rule under the US Constitution. The existing government of the United States was established as a result of the US constitution. The grievances as raised in the Declaration of Independence were fully addressed by the US Constitution through Bill of Rights, The US Government structure and Laws on trade in the United States. Therefore,without the constitution, the present United States would have not been in existence and the strength of the US government would have been without effect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Declaration of Independence outlined several grievances which the United States people had concerning the rule of the British during colonial time. From the Declaration of Independence, some of the grievances which were noted include: The British had cut out any trade relations between the United States and the outside world, something that affected the economy of the United State. Upon the enactment of the constitution, free trade was allowed whereby the Americans could trade with any country or states that they preferred without interference from the British, â€Å"For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world.†(Archives.gov, n.p). The British did not allow the Americans to trade beyond their borders and most of the trade was for the benefit of the British. The Constitution solved this issue of trade by opening up the borders of the United States to the outside world for trade and movement of people. Therefore, without the constitution, the present United States would have still remained economically undermined and unstable as a result of the restrictions on trade.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The other grievances which were raised on the Declaration of Independence include the imposing of taxes on the people of America without gaining their consent, â€Å"For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent.†(Archives.gov, n.p). Under the British colonial rule, the citizens of the United States were required to pay taxes without their consent at a rate that was decided by the British. The enactment of the constitution however resolved this issue of taxes by enacting the right of people to pay taxes while at the same time enjoy the benefits of the taxes which they pay. The constitution gives the people the right to question why they pay taxes and how much they are supposed to pay, something that did not happen during the colonial time of the British in the United States of America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, from the Declaration of Independence, the grievance raised by the Americans includes the deprivation of many cases such as the right to a trial by jury, â€Å"For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury.† (Archives.gov, n.p). The British colonial masters in the United States never allowed the citizen of the United States to face trial under a jury, hence promoted injustices and lack of equity within the judicial system. The enactment of the constitution resolved this injustice of being tried without a jury by making a provision in the constitution. It is provided in the constitution that every individual has the right to a trial by jury as stipulated under the constitution (Declaration of Independence ; Constitution of the United States of America ; Bill of Rights ; Constitutional Amendments, 2-10). The constitution declared that all Americans were to be accorded fair and just trial involving the ju ry and that no one should be subjected to a trial without a jury.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, still on matters of justice and trial of people in the United States, under the Declaration of Independence, another grievance that was raised was the issue of being tried in another territory away from where one had committed an alleged offense, â€Å"For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences.†(Archives.gov, n.p). The British Colonial masters never bothered to seek for evidence or make investigations before subjecting an individual to trial in their courts way from the place where one was alleged to have committed an offense. However, this was resolved by the constitution through the enactment of law that says no one should be put to trial without sufficient investigations and evidence gathered on the matter of concern(Declaration of Independence ; Constitution of the United States of America ; Bill of Rights ; Constitutional Amendments, 2-10). Therefore, it can be observed that without the con stitution of the United States, injustices and unfairness would have continued in the current United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition to the above mentioned grievances, the other grievance raised as per the Declaration of Independence was that on suspension of the American Legislature an instead taking of all power by the British and becoming the sole legislature, â€Å"For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.†(Archives.gov, n.p). This action by the British meant that no laws would be passed without the British having been the bones to do it. In other words, all laws in America were to be formulated and enacted according to the system of the British rule and by the British(Declaration of Independence ; Constitution of the United States of America ; Bill of Rights ; Constitutional Amendments, 2-10). To address and resolve this issue, the constitution of the United States outlined the various arms of government and ensured that every arm of government, including the leg islature had its role clearly outlined.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Last but not least, the other grievances that were raised in the Declaration of Independence by the United States to the Crown of Britain included the talking away of the charters of the United States as well as the abolishment of the valuable laws of the US, â€Å"For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments.†(Archives.gov, n.p). Furthermore, the alteration of the form of government of the United States was also part of the grievances raised in the Declaration of Independence(Declaration of Independence ; Constitution of the United States of America ; Bill of Rights ; Constitutional Amendments, 2-10). Under the US Constitution, these grievances were addressed through the provisions in the constitution which outline how the US government structure should look like and the way all arms of government should operate. Furthermore, the constitution bestowed the r ight to elect leaders on the citizens hence addressing the issue of charters that were taken away by the British. References Archives.gov, The Declaration of Independence: A Transcriptionviewed from http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_transcript.html on 15th October 2014 Declaration of Independence ; Constitution of the United States of America ; Bill of Rights ; Constitutional Amendments. S.l.: Filiquarian Pub, 2007. Print. P.2-10 Source document

Free Essays on Macbeth Plot Summaries

Act 1, Scene 1: The witches plan their meeting with Macbeth. Act 1, Scene 2: A sergeant tells of the heroic deeds of Macbeth. King Duncan announces that Macbeth will be given the title of Thane of Cawdor. Act 1, Scene 3: The witches prophesy that Macbeth shall be king and Banquo shall be father of kings. Ross and Angus tell Macbeth he has been given the title of Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth muses on the possibility of killing the King in order to be king. Act 1, Scene 4: King Duncan is told of the execution of the rebel Thane of Cawdor. King Duncan thanks Macbeth for his heroic service, then announces that Malcolm is heir to the throne. Act 1, Scene 5: Lady Macbeth reads Macbeth's letter about what the weird sisters said, and works herself up to work him up to murder. When Macbeth arrives, Lady Macbeth tells him to look innocent and follow her lead. Act 1, Scene 6: King Duncan arrives at Macbeth's castle and is greeted by Lady Macbeth. Act 1, Scene 7: Macbeth almost talks himself out of killing the King.Lady Macbeth gives her husband a tongue-lashing that makes him commit to their plan to murder the King. Act 2, Scene 1: Past midnight, Macbeth tells Banquo that they'll speak of the witches another time, and bids him goodnight.Macbeth sees "a dagger of the mind," hears his wife's bell, and goes to kill King Duncan. Act 2, Scene 2: Lady Macbeth waits for Macbeth to come with the news that he has killed the King. Macbeth is so shaken by the murder that he brings the bloody daggers with him, and Lady Macbeth takes them from him, to place them with the sleeping grooms. A knocking at the castle gate frightens Macbeth, and his wife comes to lead him away, so that they can wash the blood from their hands. Act 2, Scene 3: The Porter pretends that he is hell's gatekeeper, then lets in Macduff and Lennox. Macduff discovers King Duncan's body.Macbeth, in pretended fury, kills the King's grooms.Malcolm and... Free Essays on Macbeth Plot Summaries Free Essays on Macbeth Plot Summaries Act 1, Scene 1: The witches plan their meeting with Macbeth. Act 1, Scene 2: A sergeant tells of the heroic deeds of Macbeth. King Duncan announces that Macbeth will be given the title of Thane of Cawdor. Act 1, Scene 3: The witches prophesy that Macbeth shall be king and Banquo shall be father of kings. Ross and Angus tell Macbeth he has been given the title of Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth muses on the possibility of killing the King in order to be king. Act 1, Scene 4: King Duncan is told of the execution of the rebel Thane of Cawdor. King Duncan thanks Macbeth for his heroic service, then announces that Malcolm is heir to the throne. Act 1, Scene 5: Lady Macbeth reads Macbeth's letter about what the weird sisters said, and works herself up to work him up to murder. When Macbeth arrives, Lady Macbeth tells him to look innocent and follow her lead. Act 1, Scene 6: King Duncan arrives at Macbeth's castle and is greeted by Lady Macbeth. Act 1, Scene 7: Macbeth almost talks himself out of killing the King.Lady Macbeth gives her husband a tongue-lashing that makes him commit to their plan to murder the King. Act 2, Scene 1: Past midnight, Macbeth tells Banquo that they'll speak of the witches another time, and bids him goodnight.Macbeth sees "a dagger of the mind," hears his wife's bell, and goes to kill King Duncan. Act 2, Scene 2: Lady Macbeth waits for Macbeth to come with the news that he has killed the King. Macbeth is so shaken by the murder that he brings the bloody daggers with him, and Lady Macbeth takes them from him, to place them with the sleeping grooms. A knocking at the castle gate frightens Macbeth, and his wife comes to lead him away, so that they can wash the blood from their hands. Act 2, Scene 3: The Porter pretends that he is hell's gatekeeper, then lets in Macduff and Lennox. Macduff discovers King Duncan's body.Macbeth, in pretended fury, kills the King's grooms.Malcolm and...

Make Your Own Magic Rocks in a Chemical Garden

Make Your Own Magic Rocks in a Chemical Garden Magic Rocks, sometimes called Chemical Garden or Crystal Garden, are a product that includes a small packet of multicolored rocks and some magic solution. You scatter the rocks at the bottom of a glass container, add the magic solution, and the rocks grow into magical-looking chemical towers within a day. Its crystal-growing at its finest for people who prefer not to wait days/weeks for results. After the chemical garden has grown, the magic solution is (carefully) poured off and replaced with water. At this point, the garden can be maintained as a decoration almost indefinitely. Magic rocks tend to be recommended for ages 10 because the rocks and solution are not edible! However, younger children will also enjoy growing magic rocks, providing they have close adult supervision. How Magic Rocks Work The Magic Rocks are chunks of metal salts that have been stabilized by being dispersed in aluminum hydroxide or alum. The magic solution is a solution of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) in water. The metal salts react with the sodium silicate to form the characteristic colored precipitant (chemical towers about 4 high). Grow Your Own Chemical Garden Magic rocks are available on the Internet and are quite inexpensive, but you can make them yourself. These are the salts used to make magic rocks. Some of the colorants are readily available; most require access to a general chemistry lab. White: calcium chloride (found on the laundry aisle of some stores)White: lead (II) nitratePurple: manganese (II) chlorideBlue: copper (II) sulfate (common chemistry lab chemical, also used for aquaria and as an algicide for pools)Red: cobalt (II) chloridePink: manganese (II) chlorideOrange: iron (III) chlorideYellow: iron (III) chlorideGreen: nickel (II) nitrate Make the garden by placing a thin layer of sand on the bottom of a 600-ml beaker (or equivalent glass container). Add a mixture consisting of 100-ml sodium silicate solution with 400 ml distilled water. Add crystals or chunks of the metal salts. If you add too many rocks the solution will turn cloudy and immediate precipitation will occur. A slower precipitation rate will give you a nice chemical garden. Once the garden has grown, you can replace the sodium silicate solution with pure water.

Leadership Skills in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership Skills in Practice - Essay Example Leadership theories are diverse in their nature explaining and establishing different view points on the problem of leadership skills and effective management. Following Boehnke and Bontis (2001) the transforming leader recognizes an existing need for a potential follower, but then moves forward seeking to arouse and satisfy higher needs (in terms of Maslow's need hierarchy) to engage the full person of the follower. The followers themselves may be converted into leaders. The main disadvantage is that the transforming leader is seen as a benevolent father who remains friendly and treats the employee as a child and a less experienced person(Barker 2001). The leader provides a model of integrity and fairness with people as well as being one who set clear and high standards of performance (Segriovanni & Glickman 2006). Other characteristics less frequently mentioned include: seeking others' highest good, treating others with dignity, showing respect for others and genuine interest in th em. A transformational leader can be seen to be firm and to reprimand when necessary, to give autonomy to followers, to encourage self-development of followers, to be participative, to be willing to teach followers, and to mix easily socially with followers (Armandi et al 2003). The advantages of participative (democratic) leadership are that it allows greater independence to employees and values individual culture and uniqueness of everyone. Good administration is the hallmark of good management and the proper and efficient use of resources. Managers become leaders when their personality and character, their knowledge and functional skills of leadership are recognized and accepted by the others involved. The main disadvantage is absence of strong power and influence upon employees. Situational leadership allows organizations to overcome current problems and respond effectively to coming changes. Leadership may be exercised from any direction in the space, or any value location, depending upon the dynamic constellation of the pattern of unification polarization in the group at a particular time, thus, depending upon one's value system, leadership at a given time may be malevolent as well as benevolent. Servant leadership is marked by great responsibility to wards society and his follows, the organization and customer. A person may be appointed or elected as leader with the expectation that he or she will lead in a particular direction or directions of behavior and value realization, but may find that to hold leadership under changing conditions of polarization and unification, he or she must deviate from the expected directions, at times even need to controvert them (Hoyle and Wilmore 2002). In contrast to other theories, servant leader does not respond effectively to economic and social changes limited by social responsibility and ethical issues. All the theories mentioned above, transformational and participative (democratic), servant and situational leadership, can be effectively used Tesco and its management. The effective leader for Tesco stores as the kind of

Policies of Sustainable Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Policies of Sustainable Development - Essay Example As the paper stressesthe Nepal’s policy principles entail varying aspects that are all aimed at various different aspects. First, the Nepal water policy is decentralized with the minor policies contributing to the major policy but not contradicting the major policy. The Nepal Water Resource conservation strategies have the objective of sustainability, and the only way Nepal aims to sustain the existence of their water resources is by allowing participatory leadership in the policies involving water services. This case study has noted Nepal as a nation with sustainable policies regarding the use of water resources. In most cases, policies that cover wider geographic areas have a huge probability of failures. The United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) policies, for instance, cover most nations of the world. What the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development does not understand is that even though globalization has brought a great similarity to the way people undertake tasks, people rarely detach themselves from their own cultures. The use of water resources is considered as a diverse aspect of many cultures. It is therefore effective to create policies that are relevant to the target population.  The major source of electric power as of today in the United States is water.   It is, therefore, inevitable that major policies had to be enacted to protect the huge number of American citizens from running out of this precious resource.     

Wk5 Implementation, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plans Essay

Wk5 Implementation, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plans - Essay Example One of the noted weaknesses of Apple is its poor relationship with the market than Microsoft (Iftikhar, 2013). This means that for many years, Apple has the consensus of specifying its own standards, rather than the standards of customers. This could mean more of a production-centred management strategy of products, rather than market or customer-centred approach. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure that Apple will take seriously the necessity of ensuring the voices of the customers are constantly heard in its production setting. On the other hand, Iftikhar noted that the products of Apple have very short life cycle, implying that constant maintenance of the research and development department has to be initiated. This prevailing management system has to be changed for good. Thus, the research and development department has to be dynamic, but on the other side, should also be one of the most expensive departments at Apple. Thus, it is necessary to ensure huge capital for this reason. The management therefore, in order to ensure a sustainable competitive advantage should further double its effort in research and development, primarily for the associated expenses of its actual operation. This is to suggest that point that Apple should primarily put the context of adjusting its budget for research and development much more than what is has tried so far from the past until recently. In addition, Apple according to Iftikhar has very low presence in the advertisement. The marketing department should therefore try to improve its strategic approach in communicating its product offerings. This means that in order to ensure a sustainable growth for its offerings and retention in the market, Apple should ensure constant communication and a wide coverage of its message to its market. Finally, Iftikhar also pointed out that Apple has very small market occupation. This issue is one pertaining to organizational

The Innocent Man Essay Example for Free

The Innocent Man Essay â€Å"The Innocent Man† apparently is the story of Ron Williamson, who spent 12 years on Oklahomas death row after having been convicted of a murder he did not commit; the book is more than Williamsons touching story. Co-defendant Dennis Fritz was wrongfully convicted of murder but sentenced to life in prison. Together with Williamson he was eventually vindicated by DNA evidence. Two other inmates, Karl Fontenot and Tommy Ward, whose cases were interconnected with Williamson and Fritz, remain imprisoned in Oklahoma serving life sentences regardless of substantial evidence of actual innocence. Ron Williamson, the lead character in the story was wrongfully convicted of Carters killing. Williamson is not the benevolent character. He appeared as a high school athlete in baseball and was chosen by the Oakland Athletics in the 1971 Major League draft. His professional baseball career never realized the promise displayed by his youthful potential, and he returned home to lead a life reduced by divorce, drugs, alcohol and small-time crime. Loaded by mental illness, his attitude added in many respects to his conviction. But the author’s portrayal makes perfectly apparent that Williamsons conduct in no way warranted the outrageous actions of law enforcement, prosecutors and judges. It is possibly one of the ironies of the law that while lawyers and judges botched Williamson, it would be others in those same professions who saved him only five days before he was calendared to be executed from imposition of his sentence of death. Lawyers from the Oklahoma death penalty assistance program and a courageous federal judge eventually held a new trial for Williamson. During the flow of the investigation and preparation for that trial, Williamson underwent DNA examinations that would prove his innocence. It was one of the first considerable DNA exonerations in American courts. â€Å"The Innocent Man† commences by unfolding the disappearance of Mr. Williamson’s and Mr. Fritz’s supposed victim from the parking lot of the nightclub where she worked. But she was later found dead at her home. By the time he has written 13 pages, the author has presented 22 witnesses, relatives, law officers and forensic experts, with many more to occur. If it takes a time for Ron Williamson to materialize, because it is clear in Mr. Grisham’s mind: Mr. Williamson had no direct relationship to the crime. The book illustrates the tortured process by which Mr. Williamson, with a reputation for being drunk, moody and troublesome, in the long run caught the interest of the police. The book offers much evidence of Mr. Williamson’s mental weakening. His behavior becomes violently inconsistent. His substance abuse intensifies. His habits turn progressively stranger. Meanwhile the author takes his extensive legal expertise to the job of being staggered by what he portrays as the law’s systematic breaking of Mr. Williamson’s rights and by the brutal handling of his suspicion. In the face of such blatant mistreatment of a suspect, the author has a difficult time keeping sarcasm at bay. Of the intense circumstances surrounding the death of Mr. Williamson’s mother, and that he was kept constrained even at her funeral, the author writes: â€Å"Such precautions were obviously needed for a felon who forged a $300 check. † Far worse than her son’s embarrassment is that Mr. Williamson’s mother died believing that she had ascertained to the police that her son was home watching videos with her on the night of Debbie Carter’s murder. Though her lawyer said he watched her make this testimonial to a police detective, a video camera evidently failed to register what she said. No evidence of it appeared in the legal proceedings that resulted. â€Å"The Innocent Man† is plural, despite its title because it is a story of four men, four average white guys from good families, all crushed up and abused by the system and locked away for a combined total of 33 years. This is a lot for a nonfiction narrative to deal with, and this book sometimes injures under the burden of so much harsh, frustrating data. Mr. Grisham’s information on the formation of an underground, completely daylight-deprived prison provides the most egregious hall of horrors in a book that is symbolically full of them. On occasion â€Å"The Innocent Man† provides a touchable souvenir of Mr. Grisham’s novels. Take Barney Ward, Mr. Williamson’s court-appointed lawyer, who appears as if he walked right out of the author’s fiction. This is Mr. Ward’s first death penalty case. He is a passionately colorful character. He is also blind; and just as the case revolves on forensic evidence that demands visual examination, his assistant leaves him in the motion. Mr. Ward’s relationship with Mr. Williamson is so touchy that Mr. Ward’s son is prepared to challenge the client physically should trouble take place. The author has an Olympian ability to launch thunderbolts. His book causes a plague of vipers upon the head of Bill Peterson, the Ada district attorney who managed both these investigations and is still in office. â€Å"The Innocent Man† forces readers to take an interested look at and ask some serious questions about a legal system that, in important criminal cases, seems to be malfunctioning in every corner of our nation. Reference: Grisham, J. (2006). The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town. 1st ed. New York: Doubleday Books.

The Role Of Puck in A Midsummer Nights Dream :: Midsummer Nights Dream

The Role Of Puck in A Midsummer Night's Dream      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The role and character of Puck, or Robin Goodfellow, in A Midsummer Night's Dream, is not only entertaining but quite useful.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare seems to have created the character of Puck from his own childhood.   In Shakespeare's   time it was believed that fairies and little people did exist.   Whenever something went wrong around the farmyard or house or village, incidents such as buckets of milk ‘accidentally' spilling over, or tools suddenly disappearing, or doors opening for no reason,   it was blamed on ‘ those damn little people!'.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The idea of Puck's character is a lovely one.   One can't help but be attracted to him and his innocent, little pranks.  Ã‚   He is also known by the name Robin Goodfellow.   The audience can only see this ‘Robin Goodfellow' side of Puck when he is trying to fix something he disrupted, hence the name Goodfellow.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When compared to Oberon, King of the Fairies and Titania, Queen of the Fairies and the remaining fairies of the play, Puck does not seem to fit in as well.   While Oberon and Titania belong to the forest and the world of dainty fairies, a small village setting seems more appropriate for Puck.   He is the type of fairy that likes to be around mortals and cause them trouble, as opposed to other fairies.   This is why Puck's   little job with a love potion and a young couple is perfect for him and he perfect for the job.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Puck is a likable character who tends to create mischief around himself. Everything is a game to crafty little Puck.  Ã‚   Yet once he realizes that he has caused a problem he will make sure to the best of his ability and power that it is rectified.   As in the scene with Hermia and Lysander, and Helena and Demetrius.   When Puck mistook Lysander for Demetrius (Shakespeare conveniently had the characters look alike or ‘only slightly individualized') and dropped the love-juice into Lysander's eyes and then (with help from Oberon) realized what he had done he knew he had to fix it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare conveniently created ‘Puck' to add some probability to the play.   Since the typical audience believed in fairies and little people, Puck could be convincing in his role.   It is possibly,   even today, more plausible to

The White Doe, by Francesco Petrarch Essay -- TPCASTT for The White Doe

Title: When looking at this poem's title, one can get many ideas of what the poem will be about. One of the ideas that I got when I read the title was that it was going to be about a white female deer that was being hunted by a hunter. Another one that I thought up was that a white deer is an angel from heaven that will save someone. The last idea that I came up with was that it was about a white deer that was camouflaged in some snow to escape a predator. Paraphrase: In the first stanza, the speaker mainly describes the doe and its surroundings. The speaker says that the doe is all white with golden antlers. The speaker says that the doe is standing in the shade between two streams in a green opening in a forest. In the second stanza, the speaker tells how he left his work to follow the doe because she was so beautiful. The doe must have run off into the woods because he compares his looking for the doe to a miser searching for his treasure. He also seems to be happy while he is looking for the doe. In the third stanza, he finds the doe once more. The way I interpreted this stanza was that the doe was wearing a collar with a diamond on it. I came to this conclusion because the stanza's first two lines say, "Around her lovely neck 'Do not touch me'/Was written with topaz and diamond stone[.]" It seems as though the doe was once owned by someone because the stanza continues the inscription on what I believe to be the collar: "'My Caesar 's will has been to make me free.'" I think it is some kind of ghost deer that was once owned by Julius Caesar. The last stanza basically says that he was chasing the deer until noon. He says that he was so tired he could barely see, and he fell into the stream. When he got out the doe was gone... ... Title: The title is the subject of the poem. It is not a very specific title so the reader can make many inferences about what the poem will be about. The title just simply says "The White Doe." It does not say "The White Doe that was Spotted by a man Working in the Woods and Decides to Follow but falls into a Stream." So until the reader actually reads the poem, he or she will not really know what the poem will be about. The title contributes to the overall effect of the poem because the white doe is the subject of poetry in the poem. Theme: What the poet is trying to tell the world is that just because someone throws something a way does not mean one can take it from the garbage and keep it as his or her own. If the person that threw the object away wanted someone else to have it, he or she would put it up for sale or give it away.

Applying the VRIO Framework Essay

1Barney and Hesterly (2006), describe the VRIO framework as a good tool to examine the internal environment of a firm. They state that VRIO â€Å"stands for four questions one must ask about a resource or capability to determine its competitive potential: 1. The Question of Value: Does a resource enable a firm to exploit an environmental opportunity, and/or neutralize an environmental threat? 2. The Question of Rarity: Is a resource currently controlled by only a small number of competing firms? [are the resources used to make the products/services or the products/services themselves rare?] 3. The Question of Imitability: do firms without a resource face a cost disadvantage in obtaining or developing it? [is what a firm is doing difficult to imitate?] 4. The Question of Organization: Are a firm’s other policies and procedures organized to support the exploitation of its valuable, rare, and costly-to-imitate resources?† What types of resources should we evaluate (e.g., what types of resources lead to a competitive advantage)? 1) tangible resources, 2) intangible resources, 3) organizational capabilities. Reputation with customers for quality and reliability Reputation with suppliers for fairness, non-zero-sum relationships Organizational Capabilities Firm competences or skills the firm employs to transfer inputs to outputs Capacity to combine tangible and intangible resources, using firm processes to attain desired end. Examples Outstanding customer service Excellent product development capabilities Innovativeness or products and services Ability to hire, motivate, and retain human capital Applying the VRIO framework. According to the VRIO framework, a supportive answer to each questions relative to the firm being analyzed would indicate that the firm can sustain a competitive advantage. Below is an example of how to apply the VRIO framework and the likely outcome for the firm under varying circumstances. Applying the VRIO Framework—the value and rarity of a firm’s resources If a firm’s resources are: The firm can expect: Not valuable Competitive Disadvantage Valuable, but not rare Competitive parity (equality) Valuable and rare Competitive advantage (At least temporarily) Then, if there are high costs of imitation, the firm may enjoy a period of sustained competitive advantage. Costs of imitation increase due to some combination of the following: 1) Unique Historical Conditions (path dependence; first mover advantages), 2) Causal Ambiguity (links between resources and advantage foggy), 3) Social Complexity (social relationships not replicable), 4) Patents (double-edged sword since period of protection eventually runs out). Applying the VRIO Framework, integrating the notion of Inimitability If a firm’s resources are: The firm can expect: Valuable, rare, but not costly to imitate Temporary competitive advantage Valuable, rare, and costly to imitate Sustained competitive advantage (if organized properly) Organized properly deals with the firm’s structure and control (governance mechanisms—compensation, reporting structures, management controls, relationships, etc). These must be aligned so as to give people ability and incentive to exploit the firm’s resources. Summary of VRIO, Competitive Implications, and Economic Implications Valuable?

The Difference Between Hispanic and Latino

The Difference Between Hispanic and Latino Hispanic and Latino are often used interchangeably though they actually mean two different things. Hispanic refers to people who speak Spanish or are descended from Spanish-speaking populations, while Latino refers to people who are from or descended from people from Latin  America. In todays United States, these terms are often thought of as racial categories and are often used to describe race, in the way that we also use white, black, and Asian. However, the populations they describe are actually composed of various racial groups, so using them as racial categories is inaccurate. They work more accurately as descriptors of ethnicity, but even that is a stretch given the diversity of peoples they represent. That said, they are important as identities for many people and communities, and they are used by the government to study the population, by law enforcement to study crime and punishment, and by researchers of many disciplines to study social, economic, and political trends, as well as social problems.  For these reasons, its important to understand what they mean literally, how they are used by the state in formal ways, and how those ways sometimes differ from how people use them socially. What Hispanic Means and Where  It Came From In a literal sense, Hispanic refers to people who speak Spanish or who are descended from Spanish speaking lineage. This English word evolved from the Latin word  Hispanicus, which is reported to have been used to refer to people living in Hispania - the Iberian Peninsula in todays Spain -   during the Roman Empire. Since Hispanic refers to what language people speak or that their ancestors spoke, it refers to an element of culture. This means that, as an identity category, it is closest to the definition of ethnicity,  which groups people based on a shared common culture. However, people of many different ethnicities can identify as Hispanic, so its actually more broad than ethnicity. Consider that people who originate from Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico will have come from very different cultural backgrounds, excepting their language and possibly their religion. Because of this, many people considered Hispanic today equate their ethnicity with their or their ancestors country of origin, or with an ethnic group within this country. Reports indicate that it came into use by the United States government during Richard Nixons presidency, which spanned 1968‒1974. It first appeared on the U.S. Census in 1980, as a question prompting the Census taker to determine whether or not the person was of Spanish/Hispanic origin.  Hispanic is most commonly used in the eastern U.S., including Florida and Texas. People of all different races identify as Hispanic, including white people. In todays Census people self-report their answers and have the option to choose whether or not they are of Hispanic descent. Because the Census Bureau recognizes that Hispanic is a term that describes ethnicity and not race, people can self-report a variety of racial categories as well as Hispanic origin when they complete the form. However, self-reports of race in the Census indicate that some identify their race as Hispanic. This is a matter of identity, but also of the structure of the question about race included in the Census. Race options include white, black, Asian, American Indian or Pacific Islander, or some other race. Some people who identify as Hispanic may also identify with one of these racial categories, but many do not, and as a result, choose to write in Hispanic as their race. Elaborating on this, Pew Research Center wrote in 2015: [Our] survey of multiracial Americans finds that, for two-thirds of Hispanics, their Hispanic background is a part of their racial background – not something separate. This suggests that Hispanics have a unique view of race that doesn’t necessarily fit within the official U.S. definitions. So while Hispanic might refer to ethnicity in the dictionary and governmental definition of the term, in practice, it often refers to race. What Latino Means and Where It Came From Unlike Hispanic, which refers to language, Latino is a term that refers to geography. It is used to signify that a person is from or descended from people from Latin America. It is, in fact, a shortened form of the Spanish phrase latinoamericano -   Latin American, in English. Like Hispanic, Latino does not technically speaking refer to race. Anybody from Central or South America and the Caribbean can be described as Latino. Within that group, like within Hispanic, there are varieties of races. Latinos can be white, black, indigenous American, mestizo, mixed, and even of Asian descent. Latinos can also be Hispanic, but not necessarily. For example, people from Brazil are Latino, but they are not Hispanic, since Portuguese, and not Spanish, is their native language. Similarly, people may be Hispanic, but not Latino, like those from Spain who do not also live in or have lineage in Latin America. It was not until the year 2000 that Latino first appeared on the U.S. Census as an option for ethnicity, combined with the response Other Spanish/Hispanic/Latino. In the most recent Census, conducted in 2010, it was included as Another Hispanic/Latino/Spanish origin. However, as with Hispanic, common usage and self-reporting on the Census indicates that many people identify their race as Latino. This is especially true in the western United States, where the term is more commonly used, in part because it offers a distinction from the identities of Mexican American and Chicano  - terms that specifically refer to descendants of people from Mexico. Pew Research Center found in 2015 that 69% of young Latino adults ages 18 to 29 say their Latino background is part of their racial background, as does a similar share of those in other age groups, including those 65 and older. Because Latino has come to be identified as a race in practice and associated with brown skin and origin in Latin America, black Latinos often identify differently. While they are likely to be read simply as black within U.S. society, due to their skin color, many identify as Afro-Caribbean or Afro-Latino  - terms which serve to distinguish them both from brown-skinned Latinos and from descendants of the North American population of black slaves. So, like with Hispanic, the standard meaning of Latino  often differs in practice. Because practice differs from policy, the U.S. Census Bureau is poised to change how it asks about race and ethnicity in the coming 2020 Census. The possible new phrasing of these questions would allow for Hispanic and Latino to be recorded as the respondents self-identified race.

Ufos Essays - Ufology, Unidentified Flying Objects, UFO, UFO Files

Ufos Essays - Ufology, Unidentified Flying Objects, UFO, UFO Files Ufos Is there life beyond Earth?: Discovering aliens and UFOs For a while now there have been many UFO sightings around the world and many people have become amazed and astonished by this. Many scientists who study extraterrestrial life have come up with a lot of information that points toward the fact that aliens and UFOs are real. In China poor farmers in Beijing's barren hills saw an object covered in colored lights arcing heavenward that some say must have been a UFO. In addition to the farmers 12 other Chinese cities reported possible UFO sightings last month, at the beginning of the millenium . China is astir with sightings of otherworldly visitors. Some of these sightings are real, some are fake, and with others it's unclear, said Shen Shituan; a real rocketscientist, president of Beijing Aerospace University and honorary director of the China UFO Research Association. All these phenomena are worth researching. On July 13,1997 Special Air Service soldiers waiting to ambush IRA gunmen were stunned when aliens walked in front of the gun sights. The undercover troops, hiding near an arms cache on a hillside in South Armagh, say they saw up to four, small, gray figures. The aliens and soldiers stared at each other for a minute. Then the spacemen disappeared , and seconds later the SAS troops saw a flash in the sky. Belfast-based expert Hugh O' Brian said, we have learned that on that morning the soldiers were convinced they saw three, perhaps four, small, gray figures, in human form. The expert also said about the soldiers: The alien forms made no move towards them, but judging from what the troops told their regimental priest and commanding officer, the aliens knew the soldiers were there. It was like a stand off, within a few minutes probably a lot less time than that , the aliens disappeared. All the men can recall is that in a very quick space of time, they saw a brief flash in the sky. On June 24, 1947, buisnessman Kenneth Arnold was flying his private plane near Washington state's Cascade Mountains when he spotted nine, crecent-shaped flying objects. He reported they moved like saucers skipping across water. For a time, UFO reports seemed to spur a wave of sightings around the world from 1947 to 1969, the air force investigated thousands of reports. It concealed hundreds of incidents that couldn't be explained, while concluding there was no threat to national security. But belief in UFOs dies hard. Stories of crop circles, alien abductions, and a supposed flying saucer crash near Roswell, New Mexico, draw passionate believers and skeptics. The idea still remains that there is life beyond that of earth and my facts have acknowledged the fact that there have been many sightings around the world since 1947 when the first UFO was sighted. There has been a sighting that highly trained military soldiers claimed while on a stakeout. Chinese farmers in Beijing sighted a UFO. There must really be other forms of life beyond earth because, why would a group of scientists spend thousands of dollars on research material to study alien life if they didn't have any hard evidence that aliens do in fact exist? The evidence I collected helps to make my point clear, that aliens and UFOs are real.

Learn All About German Plural Nouns With -e Endings

Learn All About German Plural Nouns With -e Endings There are several different ways to make a noun plural in German. A common way is to add an -e at the end of the word.   When to Add an -e Most German nouns of all genders that consist of one syllable will add -e at the end  to form plurals. Some nouns will also have umlaut changes. Example 1: Here, the noun gains an -e at the end and the noun becomes plural instead of masculine. der Schuh (the shoe, singular) becomes  die Schuhe (plural). Ich habe meinen Schuh verloren. (I lost my shoe.) Ich habe meine Schuhe verloren. (I lost my shoes.) Example 2: Here, the noun not only gains an -e at the end, but the u gets an umlaut.   die Wurst (the sausage, singular) becomes  die Wà ¼rste (plural). Ich esse eine Wurst. (I’m eating a sausage.) Ich esse die Wà ¼rste. (Im eating sausages.) When Plural Nouns Take a Different Ending The only time a different plural ending is added  is when the noun is dative. In this case, the noun always adds an -en ending. See the chart below for a summary of this plural group in all cases. In this chart, nom. stands for nominative, acc. stands for accusative, dat. stands for dative and gen. is genitive.   Plural Nouns With -e Endings Read more about plural nouns here.   Case Singular Plural nom.acc.dat.gen. der Hund (the dog)den Hunddem Hunddes Hundes die Hundedie Hundeden Hundender Hunde nom.acc.dat.gen. die Hand (the hand)die Handder Handder Hand die Hndedie Hndeden Hndender Hnde nom.acc.dat.gen. das Hemd (the shirt)das Hemddem Hemddes Hemdes die Hemdedie Hemdeden Hemdender Hemde

Critical Debates in Plannling Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical Debates in Plannling - Article Example According to the authors, there is need for planners, developers, and policy holders to work on a system that would promote the interests of development while also enhancing the objectives of development. As such, this study adopts a collaborative approach that connects the objectives of the competing sides of the argument towards a meaningful collaboration. Davoudi (2010) explored the various approaches on sustainable development as understood together with the efficacy and value of the various issues that connect between development issues and the need to safeguard the environment. Some of the approaches explored include ecological modernization, risk society, and traditional approaches. In this regard, it makes sense to consider these matters in terms of the concerns raised about the preservation of the environment. Campell (1996) examined the key details that engage the minds of planners in their quest to achieve green cities. The triangular model used in the understanding of these challenges provides a broad insight into the weaknesses of past and current approaches in light of the desire to achieve comprehensive development. Among the dominant issues discussed is the matter of priority with particular attention to urban development versus environmental concerns at hand. The study by Cowell and Owens (2006) did not provide sufficient emphasis on the technical areas of cooperation in view of the competing perspectives on the same. Furthermore, the study did not provide enough specifics regarding the challenges faced by policy implementers in order to justify the kind of approaches adopted for remedy. In his comparison of the various approaches sustainable development, Davoudi (2010) did not provide insights into the possible ways that could enhance the efficiency of some of the innovative approaches of sustainable development. The approach suggested by Campbell does not seem to engage with